Bitcoini, paraja virtuale që po përhapet me shpejtësi marramendëse

Në vitin 2010 ka ndodhur një ngjarje historike në botën e financave, kur një person ka blerë një picë. Nëse nuk keni dëgjuar për këtë ngjarje, mos u brengosni se nuk jeni i vetmi.

Pica nuk ka qenë pjesa e rëndësishme e transaksionit, por ajo se çka është përdorur për ta paguar. Kjo shujtë ka kushtuar 10 mijë bitcoinë dhe kjo është hera e parë që monedha virtuale është përdorur për të blerë diçka në botën reale. Kjo ditë festohet çdo vit nga entuziastët e bitcoinit, si Bitcoin Pizza Day, transmeton Telegrafi.

Pica e paguar me bitcoin hyri në histori

Gjërat kanë ndryshuar shumë prej atëherë. Shfrytëzimi dhe vlera e bitcoinit ka shkuar në qiell. Nëse piceria do t’i rruante ato 10 mijë bitcoinët me të cilat ishte kryer pagesa, ndoshta nuk do të hynin në histori, por do të ishin shumë të pasur që vlera e sotme e tyre do të ishte rreth 23.5 milionë euro (1 BTC = 2,356.29 euro, me 25.05.2017).

Në mars të këtij viti, për herë të parë, çmimi për një bitcoin u ngrit mbi vlerën e një unce ari (1 uncë = 28.3495 gramë).

Vlera në rritje e bitcoinit është si rezultat i rritjes enorme të popullaritetit të tij në vitet e fundit. Në vitin 2009 kishte më pak se 10 mijë transaksione në bitcoinë. Vetëm në janar të këtij viti kjo vlerë është trefish më e madhe. Sipas analistëve, kjo ndodhë pasi që investitorët vlerësojnë se vlera e bitcoinit është më e qëndrueshme se disa investime tjera, si dhe me rritje e popullaritetit ne Azi

Paraja virtuale Bitcoin…

Por, të kthehemi një hap prapa. Çfarë në të vërtetë është Bitcoini?

Monedha është e kriptuar (cryptocurrency), që do të thotë se ekziston vetëm në botën digjitale.

Është zhvilluar në vitin 2009 nga dikush me emrin Satoshi Nakamoto, por që kjo nuk dihet me siguri. Paraja virtuale bazohet në principin që një person mund të kryejë pagesë pa ndërmjetësues -siç është banka.

Ka një numër të limituar të bitcoinëve në qarkullim dhe të rejat krijohen me një ritëm të parashikuar.

Si funksionon kjo?

Personi e ruan atë në bitcoin kuletë (Bitcoin Wallet), në telefon mobil apo kompjuter, nga ku mund të dërgojë dhe pranojë.

Shumë kontrolle gjatë transaksioneve

Bitcoin fillimisht mund të merren përmes shitjes së produkteve apo shërbimeve, ose në berzë, ku bëhet ndërrimi i parasë reale me bitcoin sipas vlerës momentale në treg.

Çdo shfrytëzues i bitcoin ka adresën e vet, ngjashëm me llogari bankare, dhe kontrollon të gjitha që hyjnë dhe dalin nga kjo adresë.

Transaksionet kryhen përmes sistemit të quajtur Blockchain (zinxhir i blloqeve). Ky është një libër i llogarive publike, ku mbahen shënimet e çdo transaksioni.

Secili transaksion evidentohet dhe shënohet

Personit të cilit i dërgohen bitcoinët, i pranon ato vetëm pas verifikimit. Ky verifikim bëhet duke zgjidhur probleme të ndërlikuara matematikore, proces i quajtur “nxjerrje e xehes” (mining) dhe mund ta kryejë kushdo që ka sisteme të fuqishme kompjuterike.

Çka të bëni me bitcoinët?

Mund t’i shpenzoni në blerje përmes internetit, si në Microsoft apo Subway, ose në shitore që pranojnë bitcoinët si mjet pagese. Nëse doni t’i shndërroni në para reale, mund t’i tregtoni në bursë.

Edhe pse vështirë është të gjesh ndonjë shitore në rrugën tuaj që pranon bitcoinët, kjo mund të ndërrojë shumë shpejt. Tani ka Bitcoin Visa Debit kartelë që e bën shpenzimin shumë të lehtë.

Nuk është nevoja ta kuptoni procesin e funksionimit të bitcoinit për të filluar përdorimin e tij. Fundja, sa nga ne e kuptojnë se si funksionon sistemi bankar.

Por, nuk është çdo gjë fushë me lule në botën e bitcoinit.

Është i paracaktuar numri i transaksioneve që mund të kryhen në një periudhë të caktuar kohore, prandaj me rritjen e numrit të transaksioneve është ngadalësuar koha e kryerjes së pagesave.

Për shumë vite, personat e përfshirë në zhvillimin aplikacioneve për bitcoinët, kanë argumentuar se si të zgjidhet problemi i kapacitetit të transaksioneve. Ky problem ende është i pazgjedhur.

Por, ka edhe probleme të tjera të zakonshme, sikurse fakti që vuan nga luhatja e çmimeve.

Ka edhe probleme…

Dhe, sikurse edhe çdo sistem i bazuar në programim, është i prekshëm nga sulmet. Pastaj është çështja se si vendet e ndryshme e trajtojnë monedhën. Disa e trajtojnë si mall, si naftë ose ari, por të tjerët e trajtojnë si para. Disa madje e ndalojnë përdorimin e tij tërësisht.

Qeveritë nuk e pëlqejnë faktin se përdoruesit e bitcoinit janë anonimë dhe ata kanë shqetësime rreth përdorimit të saj për veprimtarinë kriminale dhe pastrimin e parave. Brengat e tyre nuk janë të pabazuara. Në sulmin e fundit të kërkim “dëmshpërblimit” (ransomware), hakerët përmes virusit WannaCry kërkuan bitkoinët si pagesë. Deri tani janë paguar rreth 75 mijë euro.

BE dëshiron të jetë në gjendje të identifikojë përdoruesit e bitcoinëve në emër të parandalimit të pastrimit të parave dhe financimit të terrorizmit. Përveç kësaj, i gjithë sistemi nuk është shumë i rregulluar. Pjesërisht kjo është për shkak se çdo zhvillues në botë mund të verifikojë saktësisht se si punon. Protokolli Bitcoin nuk mund të modifikohet pa bashkëpunimin e pothuajse të gjithë përdoruesve të tij, të cilët zgjedhin se çfarë programi përdorin.

Edhe aty ku ekziston rregullorja, nuk është gjithmonë e qartë. Disa thonë se pasiguria mbi rregulloret do të jetë pengesë në rrugën e rritjes së Bitcoinit.

Por, a është këtu për të qëndruar?

Bitcoini nuk është kriptomonedha (kriptocurrency) e vetme. Shumë të tjera kanë hyrë në treg – mbi 200 prej tyre. Përderisa Bitcoini është ende lider, Ethereum, Ripple dhe NEM dhe shumë të tjerë gjithashtu po mbijetojnë.

Mendime të ndryshme nëse është efikas apo dështon…

The Economist mendon se ne jemi në një kriptomonedhë-fluskë nga ku e vetmja rrugë është teposhtë. Ka edhe disa nga ata që janë të lidhur nga afër me bitcoinët, por që thonë se do të jetë një dështim.

10 Things You Should Know Before Traveling To India

India

is huge, amazing, and full of culture. It’s filled with colors, architecture and history. The country has unique traditions and offers mouth-watering food. If you’re already there, thinking about going or will go soon, I’ve put together a list of things you should be aware of to make your travels more comforting and less confusing.

1. The Traffic is Insane

Believe the hype and the movies that show cars not sticking in the same lanes. In Delhi there are a lot of stop signs and red and green lights, but regardless of the rules no one seems to give a damn and no one seems to be doing anything about it. You cannot pay me to drive in India. Driving in Kashmir and other cities like Lucknow, Aligarh, and Meerut is even worse. I haven’t seen that many traffic lights and people indicate their turns by honking. I’m sure it’s the near equivalent everywhere in India. I haven’t been to every town so I don’t want to say something that’s not true but 95% of the roads I’ve been on can be treacherous if you’re not a skilled driver. But people do get around.

2. Do not have the street food or water

This is a given. Food is amazing but if you’re not used to the street food you’re probably going to get sick. Most of the diseases are also water-born so instead of tap water stick to bottled water or sodas, especially if you’re traveling to smaller villages and towns.

3. If you’re a woman, be very careful when traveling alone

As a foreigner you’re probably already going to get strange looks. Cover up; it’ll help. In a conservative country, a lot of men aren’t used to tank tops and shorts. Sadly, India has been reporting a lot of rape cases, as well. Don’t let this stop you from wandering, though. In any country any thing is possible, just keep your guard up. Knowing the exact direction and location when taking a cab is helpful too.

4. Become an expert at bargaining

Do not get intimidated by the fact that you’re a foreigner. When going to street markets or shops, bargaining is natural in India. In my experience, vendors will often give you a high price first thinking that you’re ‘foreign’ and that you’re not going to know it’s worth. Give bargaining a shot. Don’t be afraid to argue.

5. Be aware of the pollution

It’s getting really bad but it’s tolerable. I’ve had asthma so at times a little more dust and car traffic here and there can spark it up again. Don’t feel silly wearing a mask and or covering up with a scarf. Also, it’ll help to carry make up remover with you. The pollution can really sneak into your skin and cause breakouts. If you need to, clean your face as much as possible.

6. Do not pet stray dogs

I recently rescued a newborn puppy from a dog that had been living outside my house for months. I gave it shots immediately and had it cleaned. Dogs in India shouldn’t be messed with. Yes, I did something risky because of the risk of rabies strays carry but that doesn’t mean you should not try to help using safety precautions. I saw a European couple enamored by puppies on the street and they decided to feed and pet them. Next thing you know, a herd of dogs came to get their share of food and it became ugly. Luckily, they escaped. The woman lost her scarf though. There are stray dogs everywhere in India, it’s sad but you have move along for your safety.

7. There are a lot of poor people begging for money

There’s a huge poverty rate in India — due to the overpopulation, there are a lot of people begging for money. It sucks. It sucks even more that most of them are children. I’m someone who gets the urge to help everyone, so it’s hard not to help when I can. I’ve learned, however, that you have to understand everyone has a different way of living. Begging has become second nature. It’s a job. I went to a shrine called a “dergah” in New Delhi one day, where you can buy food stamps for people, give the stamps out and they’ll be able to get a plate of food. I bought so many I couldn’t keep count. It was worse when people kept lining up and hoping you’d get a stamp for them too. You have to tolerate it and find easier ways to help so you know you’re money is going to necessities and not other things.

8. Dress to Respect

In certain areas and places in India, you have to know when to cover up. It’s a different culture with different values. Even if you’re a foreigner, you have to respect the rules if you’re visiting a shrine or some other tourist spot. Research the dress code before going to places.

9. You’ll often hear the azan (call to prayer) played on the loudspeakers.

In the north (and many middle eastern countries) there’s a huge Muslim population. Especially traveling to Kashmir and places like Lucknow and Aligarh, you’ll sometimes hear them played throughout the night. Respect the religion and culture.

10. There are different dialects and very distinct cultures throughout India.

Many people I’ve encountered in the US and overseas think Urdu or Hindi is the only language spoken. That’s not true. There’s Kashmiri, Tamil, Punjabi—the list goes on. South Indians look and dress different from North Indians. It’s a diverse country. Every part of India is different, from the beautiful beaches in Goa and Kerala to the Architecture in Agra. People look different and are from different cultures. A common misconception and sadly, racially profiled remark, I’ve heard is “You don’t look Indian?” I always fire back and ask, “What does any Indian look like?”. This confuses them. People think Indians are always dark skinned. If you notice in many Bollywood movies, the actresses have lighter skin tones. My point being, all Indians look different.

11. The public transportation is like no other.

If you thought the subway in New York is nuts, the buses and trains are in India are crowded like crazy. When buses or trains are moving, you’ll see a lot of people running along and hopping on. This is not uncommon and I think it’s sweet when people reach out a hand and help each other get on a bus or a moving train. You have to know how to do this. It’s a skill.

12. There are a lot of guesthouses

Depending on what part of India you’re traveling in, sometimes families open their homes and welcome visitors for a stay. In my opinion, it is more of a “welcome home” feel when you stay at a guesthouse. Compared to staying in hotels (which are actually super luxurious in New Delhi), guesthouses are much cheaper and you get home-cooked food. These are really popular in Kashmir. Be aware though, in a lot of guesthouses and households in India the mattresses are hard—but like comfortable hard. In the US, we’re used to bed from Sleepys and Mattress King but many orthopedic surgeons have suggested that sleeping on a harder surface is better for your back, and from my experience it’s has done wonders.

13. There’s a tremendous respect for elders

You’ll hear kids call you didi, aunty, bhai, or uncle. Even younger siblings refer to the elders by bhai or didi. These are just signs of respect

India Travel, Tours HD

30 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU VISIT CHINA...

30 THINGS TO KNOW BEFORE YOU VISIT CHINA

Ever since opening its doors to the world in the 70s, China has experienced a period of rapid growth and change.

These days, more and more tourists from around the world are flocking to the ancient country to experience its rich history and perhaps catch a glimpse of its bright future.

While China’s modernization has meant that many western amenities are available, there are still a few hurdles that might catch the unprepared unaware.

After two and a half years living and working in China, I’ve compiled some of the tips I wish I’d had before I got there. Hopefully, these will help you discover what a wonderfully challenging and beautiful country China is.

Things to know before you visit China content

USING MONEY IN CHINA

1. Cash is preferred

Although more and more businesses (particularly large hotel chains and upscale restaurants) now accept Visa and Mastercard, the most widely accepted card scheme is UnionPay. However for the most part, you’ll need to pay with cash.

2. China recognizes only one currency – its own.

The official currency of China is the yuan, otherwise known as RMB or colloquially as ‘quai’.

Notes are available for 1RMB, 10RMB, 20RMB, 50RMB, and 100RMB. There are also 1RMB coins available, as well as smaller fractions of known as ‘Mao’ for the Chinese leader who adorns them.

Chinese businesses do not accept other currency, including the US dollar and the Hong Kong dollar.

3. Exchange currency at ATMs in China

While many Chinese banks do not accept foreign cards, larger chains such as HSBC can be used to withdraw local currency from foreign bank accounts. This usually offers a far better exchange rate than services such as Travelex.

International ATMs are available in all major cities, but may be harder to find in less tourist friendly areas.

4. Don’t forget to tell your bank you’re visiting China

Make sure your bank knows you’re going to be using your card in China. You don’t want your card being cancelled mid-trip.

6. Bring a translator

If you need to do your banking face to face, you may need to bring a local to help translate. Very few bank employees will have sufficient English to help you, although in larger cities such as Beijing or Shanghai they should have an English speaker on staff.

7 Don’t tip in China

The Chinese do not tip, and you aren’t expected to either.

8. Use your haggling skills

Outside of chain stores and boutiques, it’s totally possible to practice your haggling skills. Never accept the marked price or first price offered.
With shrewd negotiation, it’s possible to get souvenirs and such for a fraction of the quoted price.

ORGANISING TRAVEL DOCUMENTATION FOR CHINA

9. Visas for China

China does not offer visas on arrival, so you’ll need to arrange your visa well in advance of your travels.

When applying for a tourist visa, you’ll need to provide either a letter of invitation from a Chinese friend or relative, or provide a detailed itinerary of your intended trip. This includes return flights and confirmed reservations for your hotel bookings.

Visas can be applied for in person at the Chinese consulate or can be ordered via post.

10. Booking hotels in China

If you want some flexibility with your itinerary, make use of sites that do not require upfront payment to make bookings. Chinese sites such as C-Trip require no deposit to book accommodation, and you can cancel without penalty once your visa is approved.

Booking.com offer free cancellation on most rooms. And their book now, pay later at check-insystem allows you to lock in that rate with some flexibility. Just check the booking conditions per room type and you’ll have piece of mind when booking through them.

11. Travel insurance for China

While China is a very safe country with relatively low crime, it pays to be prepared. Book travel insurance with World Nomads they cover travellers from all over the world and be sure to insure more valuable items such as cameras, laptops etc.

MANAGING YOUR HEALTH IN CHINA

Photo: Chinese herbal medicine by Shutterstock

12. Drinking water in China

For the most part, tap water in China is not drinkable. Bottled water can be purchased very cheaply at most restaurants and stores.

13. Pharmacies in China

Chinese pharmacies offer both western and eastern medicine at very reasonable prices. Prescription medication can usually be purchased without a prescription (within reason) by simply providing the pharmacist with your identification.

14. Finding a doctor in China

Chinese hospitals can be crowded and daunting, but most major cities also have specialized hospitals catering to foreigners living and working in the country.

Even in the crowded public hospitals, many doctors will speak English.

15. Coping with air pollution in China

Larger cities in China have serious problems with air pollution, particularly in Beijing. Many locals swear by masks on days with hazardous air pollution, but it is safer to avoid exertion on days with particularly bad pollution.

16. Bring toilet paper

Most Chinese toilets do not provide toilet paper. Hotels and nicer restaurants will have it available, but it’s always a good idea to carry a roll of toilet paper or a box of tissues.

17. Bring hand soap or hand sanitizer

Like toilet paper, hand soap is not standard in many Chinese bathrooms. Carry a small bottle of hand sanitizer with you just to be sure.

TRAVEL & TRANSIT IN CHINA

travel in china — TonyV3112 / Shutterstock.com

18. Get to the airport early

It is advisable to get to the airport three hours early for international flights to China and two hours early for domestic. Chinese airports can often be chaotic and overcrowded, so you’ll be grateful for that extra time.

19. Expect delays

In my two and a half years in China, I can count on one hand the number of flights that left on time. Be prepared to wait in the airport (or even on the plane) when flying from a Chinese airport.

20 Catching buses and trains in China

China is serviced by a fantastic network of buses and trains, including the high speed G-Trains that can whisk you across the country in a matter of hours. Rates are extremely affordable by western standards.

21. Bring your passport when making a booking

You’ll need your passport when making a booking, and you can only book one ticket per passport.

22. Make use of local booking sites

Chinese booking sites such as C-Trip and eLong often offer better rates than western booking sites. Be sure to check both when planning your trip.

23. Driving in China

Chinese roads can be rather chaotic, so self-driving is really only recommended for the particularly brave!

24. Catching taxis in China

Taxis in China are cheap and plentiful. Most drivers will not speak English, so it’s a good idea to get your destination address written in Chinese by somebody at your hotel.

EXPERIENCING THE CHINESE CULTURE

25. Eating street food in China

Chinese street food is delicious and it is everywhere! When choosing which vendor to purchase from, check to see where the locals are dining. If you see a queue, it’s likely to be a safer bet.

26. Spitting in China

The Chinese do not use handkerchiefs and tissues to clear their noses, and instead spit. While this can be a bit confronting when you first visit China, they’re similarly affronted when they see us blowing our noses and keeping it.

27. Personal space

China is a crowded place, and the locals have become accustomed to a much smaller personal space than we are accustomed to in the west. Don’t be surprised if you’re jostled or shoved when queuing – it’s just part of Chinese culture.

28. Taking photos in China

The Chinese love to take photographs, and don’t be surprised if a local tries to snap a sneaky photo of you or even comes up to ask for a picture with you.

Like in most other countries, it always pays to ask permission before photographing a person or a government building.

29. Mailing things home from China

With cheap prices and a huge variety of products, it can be easy to go over your luggage limit while shopping in China. Thankfully, it is very affordable to post things home using China Post’s surface (sea) mail.

This can take one to two months, but is a very affordable way to get your belongings home.

30. Beware of Chinese knock-offs

Shopping streets such as Nanjing Road in Shanghai are a great place to find a bargain, but be aware that knock-offs of prominent brands can be seized at the airport upon your return home.

31. Don’t be shy in restaurants

Chinese waiters and waitresses aren’t as proactive as you may be used to, so don’t be afraid to throw your hands up and call for the fuyian if you want service.

Also be aware that conventional western service is hard to come by. Don’t be surprised if your starter, main, and dessert all arrive at once while your friend still waits for their first dish.

TECHNOLOGY IN CHINA

32. Get a local SIM card in China

China’s major carriers include China Telecom and China Unicom. SIM cards can be purchased at the airport or at most corner stores, and credit is quite affordable.

Most Chinese SIMs are locked to the province in which they are purchased, so you’ll pay roaming charges when texting, calling, or using data outside of this province.

Even then, the rate is far cheaper than international roaming.

33. Get a VPN for China

China’s ‘Great Firewall’ blocks sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Instagram, and most of the Google selection. If you want to access these while you’re visiting China, you’ll need to purchase a VPN.

When shopping for VPNs, check that they cover China – as many free options do not.

Get your vPN with NordVPN here. It’s what we use and is fantastic for China.

34. Download Weixin (or WeChat)

China’s premier messaging app is Weixin (WeChat in English) and everybody you meet – expats and locals alike – will have it.

Download the free app and set it up, as it’s a great way to keep in touch with locals who may not have social media.

Most importantly, don’t be afraid to get off the beaten track. While Beijing, Shanghai, and Xi’an are worthy of their international fame, there is so much more to China than these cities and their cultural sites.

China is a massive country with a rich history, over thirty distinct cultural groups, and a huge variety of landscapes to explore – don’t limit yourself to the same few sites everybody else visits.