Hunza - Kalash People have Albanian Roots

Hunza is a fairy tale land and a lot of myth and reality has been associated to it. One thing is true of all that Hunza people are probably the most friendly people in the region. In the past it was quite common to see people crossing 100 and more years this indeed is true and can still be seen to some extent however the modern civilization has changed a lot in this valley of the longativity.
The Hunzakuts and the region of Hunza have one of the highest literacy rates as compared to other similar districts in Pakistan due to the interest of His Higness Karim Aga Khan whom most of the Hunzakuts follow as their spritual leader.

Local legend states that Hunza may have been associated with the lost kingdom of Shangri La which was mentioned in the Novel of James Hilton "The Lost Horizon". The people of Hunza are by some noted for their exceptionally long life expectancy, others describe this as a longevity myth and cite a life expectancy of 53 years for men and 52 for women, although with a high standard deviation.

The Broshuski or Burusho or Brusho people live in the Hunza, Nagar, and Yasin valleys of northern Pakistan. There are also over 300 Burusho living in Srinagar, India. They are predominantly Muslims. Their language, Burushaski, has not been shown to be related to any other. They have an East Asian genetic contribution, suggesting that at least some of their ancestry originates north of the Himalayas

The Hunza and Macedonia

The local Burusho legend says that the people of Hunza descend from the village of Baltit, which had been founded by a soldier left behind from the army of Alexander the Great a legend common to much of Afghanistan and northern Pakistan. In 1996 an ex-patriate Macedonian linguist attempted to demonstrate a link between Burushaski and the modern, Macedonian language, and told the Hunza about the modern state of Republic of Macedonia. His proposed linguistic connection has not been accepted by other linguists, and genetic evidence only supports a Balkan genetic component in the Afghan Pashtun, not the Burusho. Nonetheless, in 2008 the Republic of Macedonia organized a visit by Hunza Prince Ghazanfar Ali Khan and Princess Rani Atiqa as descendants of the Alexandran army They were greeted by the Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski and heads of the church, but the opposition dismissed the visit as populism. This political support of a connection with the Hunza parallels Greek relations with the neighboring Kalash people of Pakistan, who also claim Alexandran ancestry. The issue may thus have more to do with nationalism and the Macedonia naming dispute than with the Burusho themselves

Here is an Exert from the Book "An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of China" By James Stuart Olson

BURUSHO. The Burushos also known as Hunzus, Hunzukuts, and Burushaskis are a mountain people who live primarily in Hunza State and Nagir State in Pakistan. They live in deep valleys and gorges cut by the Hunza River and its tributaries, Currently, the population of the Burushos exceeds 60,000 people. Some live across the Pakistani-Chinese frontier in the immediate border region of Tibet. Ethnolinguists are unable to classify the Burusho language. but it is divided into two dialects that reflect Burusho locations in I-lunza and Nagir. Burusho legend claims that they descend from three European soldiers left behind when the armies of Alexander the Great began their retreat from the region. Each of these soldiers founded a viIlage?Ba]tir. Ganesh, and Altit- and all Burushos claim to descend from the peoples of one of these villages. Burushos live in heavily fortified villages constructed 9.000 or 10,000 feet in altitude and hundreds of feet above the Hunza River gorge. Most Burushos are subsistence farmers who plant their crops in carefully attended terraced fields, Their major crops are potatoes. beans, wheat, barley, millet, rye, buckwheat, rice, and a variety of fruits and vegetables. They also raise cattle, goats, sheep, and chickens, and they continue to hunt to supplement their diets. Burusho society revolves around four major patrilineal clans. all of them located in the city of Baltit, and several minor clans distributed widely through- out the region. The four major Burusho clans are the Buroongs,* the Diramitings.* the Baratilangs,"? and the Khurukuts.* In addition to the clan system, Burusho society is divided into live classes, including the Thamos. the royal family; the Uyongko and Akabirting, who lil] most government posts; the Bar, Bare. and Sis groups, who farm the land; the Baldakuyos and '1`silgalashos, who are teamsters and carriers for other groups; and the Berichos, who are ethnic Indians. The Baldakuyos and Tsilgalashos are the Burushos most likely to {ind their way across the border into China because they help transport commodities along the Pakistanti-Chinese trade routes. Burushos are virtually all Muslims of the Ismaili tradition. They look to the Aga Khan as their spiritual leader. They are less likely than other Pakistani Muslims to observe their daily prayers, fast during Ramadan, and regularly attend the local mosque.

For centuries, the l-Iunza Valley in the Karakoram Range was one of the most isolated territories of the world. ln 197*8, however, Chinese and Pakistani work- ers completed construction of the Karakoram Highway, which cut directly through the Hunza Valley, linking up the region to commercial trade routes between Pakistan and the People`s Republic of China. The total Burusho pop- ulation today totals only approximately 60,0lI] people. of which only a few hundred live at the end of the Karakoram Highway in China. SUGGESTED READING5: J. T. Clark, "Hunza in the Himalayas: Storicd Shangri-La Undergoes Scrutiny." Natura! Htstmjv 72 (l963l. 38-45: David Larimer. The- Burushaski Language. 1938; John McCarry, "High Road to Hunza," National Geographic l85 {March l994). ll4??34; Hugh R. Page. Jr., "Burushos." in Paul V. I-lockings. ed., The Eucyrlripedia of World Cultures. vol. 3. South Asia. 199l. 

Fiset Hunza ne Indi me preardhje shqiptare

Hunza

Disa fise në Pakistan pretendojnë se janë pasardhësit e drejtpërdrejt të Aleksandrit të Madh. 

Ata flasin një gjuhë të ngjashme në shumë fjalë me gjuhën shqipe, kanë veshje kombëtare që u 

ngjajnë shumë veshjeve tona antike, madje edhe i thërrasin me emrin shallvare.

Përpos këtyre ngjashmërive, dokumentari i mësipërm tregon se sa është muzika e tyre 

autoktone e njëjtë me muzikën tonë folklorike, dhe me të dëgjuar, nuk do të keni mundësi të 

dalloni cila është muzikë shqiptare apo cila është muzikë e Huanza, siç quhen ndryshe këto fise.

Për më tepër, kërcimet e tyre tradicionale ngjajnë tepër shumë me kërcimet tona dhe simbolet 

e tyre janë simbole identike me ato që  janë përdorur prej ilirëve të lashtë.

Ata kanë ngjyrë të bardhë lëkure, e cila është plotësisht e kundërt me ngjyrën e popullsisë së 

Pakistanit, gjë që lë të kuptosh se ata janë racë tjetër

Who is Enver Hoxha

 Enver Hoxha

The man who held Albania in an iron grip for 40 years was a devout Marxist-Leninist, a fervent admirer of Stalin and a committed moderniser. When he was born to a Muslim family in 1908, Albania was still an obscure province of the Ottoman Empire. Enver Hoxha (pronounced to rhyme with ‘lodger’) came from a comfortably off family, was sent to a French school in Albania and in 1930 won a

state scholarship to the University of Montpellier in France. R.J. Crampton, the historian of the postwar Balkans, describes him as ‘the only intellectual among the Communist leaders of Eastern Europe’, with the possible exception of Matyas Rakosi of Hungary. Hoxha joined the French Communist Party and lost his scholarship because of his involvement in leftwing politics. He returned home in 1936 to teach at his old school.

Albania at this time was a backward, poverty-stricken, largely illiterate country, theoretically ruled by the self-appointed King Zog, with almost no industry, no railways, no universities and no town with a population of more than 20,000 people. The peasantry were under the control of their local chiefs, as they had been for centuries, and Zog’s regime was heavily dependent on Mussolini’s Italy. In 1939 Mussolini annexed Albania and sent Zog packing. Hoxha now lost his job at the school because he refused to join the newly formed Albanian Fascist Party. He opened a tobacconist’s shop in the capital, Tirana, which became the headquarters of the Communist group that he began to build up. In 1941 he founded the Albanian Communist Party.

When German troops occupied Albania in 1943, various small resistance groups, ranging from Communists to royalists, fought them and each other. Hostile Albanian groups sometimes collaborated with the Germans against Hoxha and his people, whose superior efficiency and ruthlessness enabled them to dominate the Albanian National Liberation Army. Late in the following year, with the Germans pulling out of the country, an anti-Fascist congress declared Hoxha president of a new democratic Albania and he made a victorious entry into Tirana after taking the opportunity to have 400 of his opponents in the city murdered. His new government was recognised by the United States, the Soviet Union and Britain in 1945.

As the People’s Republic of Albania’s prime minister, foreign minister, minister of defence and commander-in-chief of the army, Hoxha began an effective modernisation policy with the same ruthlessness he had demonstrated during the war. Land was confiscated and organised into collective farms. The prewar ruling class was destroyed and the banks and other businesses were nationalised. Modern industries were developed, the traditional subordination of women was ended (officially at least), education was dramatically improved and an Albanian language was constructed out of the traditional dialects. Religion was outlawed and all churches, mosques and religious institutions were closed down, while the state took a firm grasp on the country’s cultural and intellectual activities.

Opponents, including political rivals, protesting Christians and Muslims, landowners and recalcitrant peasants, were tried for crimes against the people and sent to prison camps or executed. Some were simply murdered, including Koci Xoxe, the head of the secret police, who by 1948 was in altogether too strong a position for Hoxha’s liking. One report had him strangled by the man who succeeded him, Mehmet Shehu.

Albania received massive aid from the Soviet Union after the break between Tito’s Yugoslavia and Moscow. Hoxha refused to countenance the reaction that set in against Stalin in the Soviet Union after the latter’s death in 1953. He denounced Nikita Khrushchev and turned to Communist China until Mao Zedong’s death in 1976. From then on Albania was isolated.

Hoxha had suffered from diabetes for many years and by the 1980s he knew his days were numbered. He wanted a young colleague named Ramiz Alia to succeed him and cleared the way for him by eliminating Mehmet Shehu, his righthand man since 1948, who was now prime minister and minister of the interior. In 1981 it was announced that he had suffered a nervous breakdown and committed suicide. The official story did not stand up and there were whispers in Tirana that Shehu had been shot and killed at a meeting of the politburo, perhaps by Hoxha himself. It was presently given out, highly improbably, that he had been spying for the Americans, the British and the Vatican. His wife was sentenced to 20 years in a labour camp (where she died in 1988) and the secret police were purged of his supporters. In 2001 Shehu’s corpse was found near a river in the countryside outside Tirana.

Diabetes finally carried Hoxha off in Tirana in 1985 at the age of 76. He had transformed Albania from a primeval relic of the Ottoman Empire into a modern industrialised country under the strictest government control in Europe. Ramiz Alia duly succeeded him.

Perandoret romake me preardhje Ilirie

1.. Konstandini i madhe 

Konstandini (Flavius Valerius Constantinus ) ishte një nga ilirët e shumtë që arritën të ishin perandorë të Romës.I lindur në atë pjeseë të Ilirisë,(Nish),që sot është zaptuar nga barbarët serbë, rreth AD 274-337. Një perandor që sundoi 31 vjet (306- 337). Emri i tij i lindjes ishte Flavius Valerius Constantinus. Ishte djali i Komandantit ilir Constantinus Chlorus . Në vitin 305 ai ishte bashkëperandor. Një vit më pas u bashkua me të jatin në Britani.

Konstandini qe perandori i parë romak që mbështeti dhe toleroi krishterimin në perandorinë e tij. Shumë legjenda janë krijuar rreth emrit të tij. Ai eliminoi sistematikisht Cezarët e tjerë dhe zhduku tetrarkinë e Dioklecianit. Volteri e ka përkufizuar karakterin e tij në një fjali: "Objektivi kryesor i Konstandinit qe të ishte zot në gjithçka".

Pa dyshim, ai e ka merituar titullin Konstandini "i Madh" për reformat që bëri në ushtri, në sistemin monetar, si dhe për integritetin e administratës së tij. Kjo ishte, gjithashtu, shprehje e ambicies së tij të pakufishme. Është i pamohueshëm fakti që ai ka lënë gjurmë të qëndrueshme në histori. Transferimi i kryeqytetit perandorak nga Roma në Konstandinopojë dhe adoptimi i fesë së krishterë ia ndryshuan rrënjësisht fytyrën perandorisë.

2...justiniani  pare 

Justiniani u lind në Petrus Sabbatius të Tauresium në provincën, atëherë secilën, të Dardanisë në vitin 483 të erës sonë.Familjes Latine-folëse të tij fshatar besohet të ketë qënë e Thraco-romake ose illiro-romak në origjinë. Iustinianus, mbiemër të cilën ai e mori më vonë, është tregues i miratimit nga Justin, xhaxhai i tij.Gjatë mbretërimit të tij, ai themeloi Justiniana Prima jo shumë larg nga vendlindja e tij.Nëna e tij ishte Vigilantia, motra e Justin. Justin, i cili ishte një roje perandorak (Excubitors) para se të bëhej perandor, e solli atë në Konstandinopojë, dhe i siguroi edukimin djalit. Si rezultat, Justiniani u arsimuar mirë në juridik, teologji dhe histori romake. Justiniani shërbeu për disa kohë me Excubitors, por detajet e karrierës së tij të hershme janë të panjohura.

Kur perandori Anastasius vdiq në vitin 518, Justin u shpall perandor i ri, me ndihmë të konsiderueshme nga Justiniani. Gjatë mbretërimit të Justin (518-527), Justiniani ishte shok i ngushtë perandorit. Justiniani treguan ambicie shumë, dhe ajo është menduar se ai ishte funksionuar si regjent virtuale të gjatë para se Justin e bëri atë perandorit shok më 1 prill 527, edhe pse nuk ka asnjë dëshmi bindëse për këtë. Siç u bë Justin pleqërie pranë fundit të tij komandant konsull mbretërimit, Justiniani u bë de facto sundimtari. Justiniani u emërua në vitin 521, dhe më vonë i ushtrisë së në lindje.Pas vdekjes Justin unë e më 1 gusht 527, Justiniani u bë e sovran i vetëm.  

3.. Perandori Anastasi I

(latinisht: Flavius Anastasius) ka lindur në qytetin e Durrësit rreth vitit 430 dhe ka vdekur në Kostandinopojë mes datave 8 dhe 10 korrik 518. Ka qenë perandor bizantin prej vitit 491 deri në korrik të vitit 518 kur ndërroi jetë. [1] Ishte biri i një fisniku durrsak, të quajtur Pompeius. Ndërsa nëna e tij ishte Anastasia Konstantina, e cila i përkiste besimit fetar arian. [2] Anastasi i kishte sytë me ngjyra të ndryshme, njërin të zi dhe tjetrin blu, ndaj është quajtur me nofkën « dikori » (në greqisht: Δίκορος, «me dy sy të ndryshëm»).[3] Gjatë sundimit të perandorit Zénon mbajti funksione të rëndësishme në oborrin bizantin, mes të cilave atë të silentiarius-it. Pas vdekjes së Zenonit, e veja e këtij të fundit, perandoresha Ariadna e zgjodhi Anastasin për bashkëshort duke i dhënë në këtë mënyrë njëkohësisht edhe postin e perandorit. [4] Gjatë mbretërimit nuk e harroi qytetin e lindjes, Durrësin, të cilin e rrethoi me mure të fuqishme dhe katër kulla. Gjithashtu ndërtoi edhe hipodromin e qytetit. Ai sundoi për rreth 20 vjet dhe përmendet për disa reforma. Anastasi bëri reformimin e taksave dhe reformën monetare duke vënë në qarkullim monedhat prej bronxi në vend të atyre prej bakri. Gjatë sundimit të tij u ndaluan ndeshjet midis gladiatorëve nëpër amfiteatre. Përmendet gjithashtu në histori për ndërtimin e murit të gjatë përreth Konstandinopojës. [5] Koha e mbretërimit është përshkuar nga revolta dhe luftëra civile mes ndjekësve të doktrinave të ndryshme të krishtere. Perandori u përpoq të ishte neutral mes dy kampeve kryesore, monofizitëve dhe ortodoksëve, por me kalimin e kohës preferanca për të parët u bë gjithnjë e më e dukshme. Gjatë sundimit të tij nisi lufta bizantino-sasanide e cila do të vijonte edhe përgjatë gjithë kohês së sundimit të dinastisë pasardhëse justiniane. [6] Vdiq në moshën tetëdhjetë e tetë vjeçe, i goditur nga rrufeja, sipas historianit bizantin Johan Malalas. Pasi nuk kishte fëmijë paria e Bizantit zgjodhi pas vdekjes së tij për perandor Justinin I.